System for the production of processors.AMD Athlon XP 1500 +, and 2000 + core with Palomino not placed separately, for example - the producer noticed that there is demand for XP 1500 +, and immediately increase production, things are more complicated.Heterogeneity of nuclei.Modern processors are very complex devices that contain millions of transistors. Currently there is no way in the two "identical" to the processor has exactly the same number of transistors, there will always be a little gap. Naturally this that has more transistors will work a little faster. What do the manufacturers? Because there is no way to assemble as many computers are manufactured processors on each computer to put in an obsessive overclockers and tell him - go now to see how it is most of this processor they use statistics.If the year had produced one million in the first half of the year produced 400 000 CPU and the second - 600 000, for example, take 100 CPU and test them. If by production in the 1st half of year 10 work as HR 2000, and the remaining 90 as HR 1500, the whole lot of the first half of the year is referred to as XP 1500.Analogichno test if the other lot get results 10h2100 and 90h2000 lot referred to as HR 2000. because the first batch has a slower processor will look at below.Testing conditionsThe factory CPU test "cool", ie under conditions beyond its normal use. The idea is to ensure that they will work without problems the stated frequencies. We, the users, we try to provide it with better working conditions - buy nicer fans, leaving open the boxes, put additional fans etc., and this enables us to processors operate at higher frequencies.BrandSuch computers are not very popular in our country mainly because of its high price. Dell, Compaq, Toshiba and other companies run called. brand computers, parts of which are of better quality and the overall system is more stable. Often processors are working at reduced frequency precisely to enhance the reliability.Technical process:Going back to the production in the factory, and greater production in the second half of the year. This is related to the technical process that determines the size of transistors, measurable in microns. Much smaller amounts more items can fit in a unit volume and therefore the frequency will be higher. In the first batch they can be placed in a small number of transistors thereby increasing the heat exchange and is capable of increasing the frequency.PotentialProcessors manufactured on the same assembly line at different times of the year differ in frequency. Example 1500 is clocked to 1800 and 2000 is clocked to 2100.Estestveno, the second is slightly faster but if we consider the first percentage is clocked 20% and the second by 5% because it was already almost on the edge of their abilities. Therefore, when a series of processors at different frequencies better overclocking those with initially lower frequency.And the story we want to overclock?To be able for less money to make faster computer. And some do it simply by "booty", even because of the risk to burn CPU while overclocking correctly that risk is minimal.However, if goes down?As already stated, the risk is small but still have it. Possible causes of damage to the processor:1.Do not placed (or connected to power!) Fan after assembly2.Ventilatora stopped working. In most modern BIOS and has the option to turn off the entire system in stopping the fan. (It is desirable that this option is on, you do not mess with it).3.Temperaturata CPU often close limits, a "wonderful" day computer stops working. (After the temperature exceeds 60 degrees).4.Neuspeshni attempts clock after that "no one". (Carefully clean all traces of pencil, paint, etc. on the processor with the most innocent face wearing it in the company, which serves warranty your favorite processor and explain how while you play on the computer it just stopped).5.Schupeni Feet - may be able to remedy the failure of any service.LifetimeNormal processors are designed for 10-15 years work. With the clock even shorten the duration by 50% ..... anyway after 5 years your entire configuration will be hopelessly outdated.Manufacturers and overclocking
Manufacturers refer negatively to overclocking but there are some exceptions (why not AMD processors finally concluded?)ExpediencyWhat are the bad sides of overclocking?When the clock frequency on the FSB began to shine more not only the CPU but also all other components and can explode any of them (even power). Most commonly blown memory or CPU. Another annoyance - after a few hours the computer crashes - such problems come from overheating, you have more serious cooler, which in turn is usually noisy.OptimizationVery often with SEO you can achieve very good results - determination of lower latencies, setup OS free up space in memory by removing unnecessary programs, etc., upgrading the BIOS settings on the video .... .
How to overclocking CPU?Clock depends not only on the CPU and other components in the system. We will assume that all components kept the Clock
With the increase of the FSBThis is the most popular method is practically available for each verified user. Calculation formula is as follows FSBxMultiplier = Clock Frequency (133h13 example, 5 = 1795.5, it is a standard Athlon 2200 + on 1800MHz.Ako want to make it work at 2000Mhz only increase the FSB calculate 2000/13, 5 = 148. Putting this value, however, will most likely lead to totally smash yet at computer startup and you will have to reset the bottom). FSB frequency of changing the BIOS or using the switches (or jumpers)Using a multiplier (multiplier)All modern processors except for AMD Duron / Athlon (not taking into account older Athlon processors on Slot A) are not able to change the multiplier. Duron / Athlon also can not change the multiplier until the mystery was solved and life happened a few ideas better :-) Different CPU multiplier is unlocked differently:AMD Athlon (Thunderbird), Duron (Spitfire)These processors are very easy to unlock - pencil Connected bridges L1, pasting tape in / bars in pencil so as not to break up the graffiti and CPU is ready for use.
AMD Athlon XP (Palomino), Duron (Morgan)Clock of these processors is much more complicated. You'll need a sharp knife (or scalpel); quality, transparent tape; fast-setting glue (so you do not tear the nerves of waiting, nothing else), which does not conduct electricity; other adhesive to hold current and magnifying glass. It is desirable to have and multimeter. Stay you mention the way these things do them sober.L1 bridges were in place, but unlike AMD Athlon (Thunderbird), Duron (Spitfire) between them is a thin groove which has a copper compound. Logically if you just connect with graphite it will short to said copper compound and the result will definitely not to your liking. To avoid this "infection" groove is filled with glue that does not conduct electricity and then being assembled bridges. Although this sounds simple work requires attention.ProcedureCleaning pad with alcohol. Adhesive tape so that the groove remains open and the contact points - on the contrary, closed.Caution tape does not blow out on the edge and glue to shove into the tape and reach the contact points.Carefully fill the groove with an insulating adhesive.After drying his loose tape and sharp knife cut protrude above the substrate hardened glue - if you do not you will find it difficult to apply a top conductive layer. You need to get a flat pad filled with non-conductive adhesive ducts.Again, you cut two pieces of tape and stick them along the contact points but this time the points remain open. Then perpendicularly attaching two pieces of tape so that it remains uncovered place only between the first group of five bridges.Check again if the tape is stuck very well, if a little while ago was in danger of no current flows somewhere, it now threatens to current flowing everywhere and the CPU should not explode, so with a conductive glue no kidding! Deal thin layer of conductive adhesive, yet not too thin but not overflowing. Wait until the glue is completely dry. Full drying is not only the top layer to harden and peel off the adhesive tape to razdzhvaka a pad and shorted somewhere. Repeat the procedure with the next bridge to the next and more. Etc. If there appeared "foot" of the adhesive can remove it with a knife but it is likely to scratch pad and the security processor will fail. Take multimeter and check the resistance of each bridge - should be close to zero. If not - you can do it again. Check and do not happen to have a short between the bridges. Somewhere between bridges If the resistance tends to zero - look short. If everything is OK, measure the resistance between the contact point above the inscription "Assembled in ..." and each of the newly created bridges. Resistance must in all cases other than 0! Clearly between this contact and copper compounds have a direct connection and it allows measure the reliability of the insulating adhesive. If there is need to develop breakthrough bridge again to put an insulating adhesive, etc. If all goes well, you can step into the clock.I might add that for unknown reasons Athlone with brown pad sometimes rotate incomprehensible numbers no signs of irregularities but do not work, even after removing the jumpers CPU does not work - in contrast to the green!
AMD Athlon (Thoroughbred)These processors, namely models with factory multiplier to 12.5 are not locked. 12.5 up having to unlock but it is not difficult, even these processors are clocked pretty dobre.Za unlock this processor is sufficient to ragged 5th L3 bridge group in any of the following ways: a conductive adhesiveapplied on tokoizolirashto adhesive as described above
or maintained short with thin copper wires of the two legs of the processor - AJ27 and AH28
Unlocking the CPU thus can be placed various factors (including up to 12.5) from the motherboard if it has such an option. However, if the board has no such option or want to put a multiplier over 12.5 you can do this with different combinations of open / closed bridges L3.Naprimer group to run this 15 processor which originally was 13.5 must disconnect 4th and 5th bridge group L3, and to return it back to "factory" position - to blur with the conductive adhesive.
Bridges can be cut with 2 Battery 1.5 volt, one pole it touch the contact point to the other and attaching a pin and move the needle between points. Bridges may not trim them just to isolate the pins that are connected to the points of the group L3. Removing wires from a simple UTP cable, remove the wire and insulation and pulled the corresponding leg of the processor. With proper drill bit thin hand expand the hole in the movable part of the socket to not stay there insulation when removing the processor.
L3 bridges
|
Feet processor
|
1
|
an27
|
2
|
al27
|
3
|
an25
|
4
|
al25
|
5
|
aj27
|
GND
|
AH28 и AK28
|
Ensuring the stability of the system when the clockTension can be increased / decreased of CPU, RAM, AGP, IO. Usually lifting its increased system stability but also increases shine and should take additional measures to cool - the chipset puts ventilatorche, Memories - radiators (you can do it yourself, for example, cut from an old radiator attached with thermally conductive adhesive ). voltage increase by more than 15% are not recommended! Because most boards operate in synchronous mode when raising the voltage of the processor must be raised and memory. voltage IO (Input / Output) is raised to increase the overall stability System
FSB (MHz)
|
PCI (MHz)
|
AGP (MHz)
|
FSB:PCI:AGP
|
66
|
33
|
66
|
1:2:1
|
100
|
33
|
66
|
1:3:2/3
|
133
|
33
|
66
|
1:4:2
|
166
|
33
|
66
|
1:5:2/5
|
200
|
33
|
66
|
1:6:3
|
The table shows that there are dividers FSB / PCI / AGP: 1:2:1; 1:3:2 / 3; 1:4:2; 1:5:2 / 5; 1:6:3. In this motherboard supports 1:6:3 divider example, a set of previous dividers in which can be selected depending on the required frequency of the FSB, however, e boards can not reduce the nominal frequencies of the PCI / AGP ( e.g.: Motherboard Intel 815 at frequency FSB 95MHz selects divider 1:2:1 rather than 1:3:2 / 3.)Conclusion: When the clock is better to use officially supported frequencies (table above). Ie if you have a AMD Athlon XP, running on 133Mgts FSB.e easier to get him to work 166Mhts (in the presence of a divider circuit 1:5:2 / 5) than 159Mhts.
MANUAL Overclocking
Warning: overclock at your own risk!
Data and information provided in this guide are for informational and educational purposes and are not intended for commercial distribution. Neither MSI, nor any mentioned below author shall be deemed guilty about any errors or delays in the content, nor should it be held accountable for any damage caused by modification or overclocking your computer. Manufacturers are free to comply or not to comply with the undertaking of any overclocked or modified computer component. All changes to your system do them at your own risk.
Why overclock?
Today overclocking is not a secret. It has become quite popular, and has even become an addiction for some people.Definition of Overclocking is simple: it means to make a closed circuit / system to work on specific speeds. But why overclock? Some say to squeeze more of the same money."Hey you, why not get more?" However, the real reason for overclocking is that in this way you can make "out of time" machine back to advanced level. If the system is already out of warranty, the risk is limited. (I personally recommend any beginner to overclock some "old" PC, just to gain initial experience.)
Know more about the Central Processing Unit (CPU)(Below you will use English abbreviations such as CPU = CPU)
The speed of the CPU is based on two factors. The first is the interface between the motherboard and FSB-bus. According http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) FSB is the speed with which the CPU communicates with RAM (memory). Many system components including the PCI and AGP buses, usually operate at speeds that are extracted as multiples of the speed of the FSB. In short, as a faster FSB, the faster processor and faster computer. Another factor controlling the speed of the CPU, a multiplier (multiplier). It determines the percentage of CPU speed compared FSB.
New FSB processors extends from 400 MHz to 800 MHz.These are not actual processor speeds and multiples of four-speeds. The processors pass data 4 times per cycle (clock cycle), for example, 800 MHz FSB is actually 4h200MHz speed processor (200 MHz x 4 = 800 MHz). The speed of a CPU core is obtained by multiplying the speed of the FSB by the processor multiplier (multiplier). For example, a processor of 3200MHz (i.e. 3.2 GHz) should have the FSB 800 MHz, which means that the factor of 4, and so it is the CPU-set to operate at 4 times higher speed than that of the FSB th. (800 MHz x 4 = 3200 MHz). But earlier mentioned that the speeds are multiples of four, so 3200 MHz actually came from 16 times 200 MHz (200 MHz x 16 = 3200 MHz).
Note that not all processors have multiple-of-four FSB speed.For example, Intel Pentium 4 (Northwood core) available. But Intel Pentium III, AMD Athlon XP and AMD Duron have only short-of-two FSB speed.
Conclude multiplier
A few years ago you had the opportunity to overclocking processors such as choosing a higher multiplier. It was eliminated in order for producers to fight Remark on CPU-th.Constantly popping up fake processors on the market, because everyone had the opportunity to present any speed he wants. Nowadays, the restriction (only one level) multiplier is due to overclocking and counterfeit prevention. As you can see the only way to overclock that remains is to choose the higher speed of FSB, and the ability to raise the FSB-it in small increments of 1MHz, which in today's motherboards, gives us a great advantage for overclocking.
Look at your motherboard
Before you overclock any inquire whether your motherboard can overclock the CPU. Open the installation of the processor (CPU installation section) in the motherboard manual. If you really have this possibility can be found in separate sections for instructions BIOS settings or jumpers (jumpers) on the bottom that allow you to adjust the FSB, voltage CPU (CPU voltage), PCI / AGP ratio (PCI / AGP ratio) and etc. If you own a computer came from a major manufacturer like HP, it is very likely that your motherboard does not allow for any overclocking, although this is very rare these days.
You need a better power supply!
Now is the time to check the power supply in your computer.As with cars, the higher speed requires power, unstable power inevitably leads to unstable processor, so I recommend that the power is at least 350 W. You can find recommendations on the power of these forums:(Note, etc. listed below forums are in English, so people who do not understand, I give the following links:http://www.computers.bg/forum/list.php?catid=18http://hardwarebg.com/forum/http://www.setcom.bg/news/forum/These are Bulg. Forums, a lot of people there are professionals, these forums are not as dynamic as here, ie you could get an answer within days. One more thing before playing there a topic you read a little about your problem and only then insert it, but serious style.)Here are the forums in English:http://forum.msi.com.tw/thread.php?threadid=1515&sidhttp://forum.msi.com.tw/thread.php?sid=&...5095 # post235095http://forum.msi.com.tw/thread.php?threadid=31880&sidhttp://forum.msi.com.tw/thread.php?threadid=1135&sid
And Intel and AMD processors are hungry for energy consumed from 40 to 100 W (especially new Prescott). Also video card takes 55 W. Here, only two components of the system already consumed more than 100 W.
Use of high voltage
Today, almost every processor can operate at a speed greater than anticipated. This is particularly true if you raise less core voltage (core voltage). Just like a car running at a higher speed requires more power. But this is one of the most "risky" aspects of overclocking too much power you burn your CPU. Therefore you should always raise the voltage step by step and never exceed more than 15% above that which is prescribed standard (example of nikter: CPU Athlon (tm) 1700 + prescribed voltage is 1.5 - 1.6 v, choose the upper limit for100% and calculate how much is 115%, yielding 1.84 v, therefore, should not rise above 1.84 v) Thus, it is very easy to get a pretty fast machine without compromise the CPU.Besides raising the voltage of the CPU, you can raise the voltage of the memory (memory) in the same way. Naturally, after all this arises a new problem - the temperature of the chip (chip temperature), so that cooling is very important. It will deal below.
Memory Speed
The speed of the memory is associated with the FSB. For example, DDR memory 400 has a frequency 200MHz, and the module is kept PC3200. Half of the increase you get from overclocking of the CPU comes from increasing the speed at which the CPU talks to the memory. When buying memory you can see that it has a label 2-3-3-7-1T. And you may also hear people saying my memory is 2-3-3-7. But what does that mean? The answer is:CAS Latency = 2 clock cyclestRCD = RAS to CAS delay = 3 clock cyclestRP = RAS Precharge = 3 clock cyclestRAS = Active to Precharge = 7 clock cyclesCommand Rate = 1 clock cycleIn different motherboards replays can be named differently, and in some BIOS-and may not display all five parameters.You should consult the support team at the bottom with your motherboard manual. If BIOS-and you have any of these options, you can try to change it. Obviously, the smaller the number, the faster the memory will be.More memory, see here (again in English, Bulgarian again recommend links that I gave above):http://www.corsairmicro.com/corsair/prod...3707/index.htmlhttp://forum.msi.com.tw/thread.php?threadid=38255&sid
Video Card
To kloknem video card, we need a utility to overclock the card.Although the majority of manufacturers include tools for overclocking their cards in their drivers or additional program, most of them do not provide this facility. Just because overclocking stresses the system and violate manufacturer warranties. Additional tools I'm talking about are universal and applicable to different cards are not affected by the type of producer. Some of these tools I have listed below:One. RivaTunerhttp://www.guru3d.com/2. PowerStriphttp://www.entechtaiwan.com/3. Rage3D Tweak (ATI cards only)http://www.rage3d.com/index.php?node=r3dtweakPlease read them Helpove of relevant sites. And also if you want to unlock the hidden options of Nvidia card, open Notepad (Notepad) and write on the white box following (with thanks to Deathstalker, that provide it):Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ NVIDIA Corporation \ Global \ NVTweak]"Coolbits" = dword: ffffffff"NvCplEnableHardwarePage" = dword: 00000001"NvCplEnableAGPSettingsPage" = dword: 00000001
Save as agpsetting.reg on your desktop or somewhere else.Then run it and it will give you additional options from Nvidia video card, which will include further resolutions (extra resolution settings) for desktop and overclocking memory (memory) and kernel (core) of the map.
(Lyrical - shared by nikter, how clocked a ratty GeForce2 MX 400 and what is the principle of overclocking a video card, written below applies to other cards, this is only one method:That file which is said in the article is downloaded directly from here, but this applies to cards nVidiyahttp://fearme.hit.bg/razni/NVidiaOverclock.regdownload it and run it adds extra "a page" Clock Frequency Settings. Will find this a page so desktop with right mouse / Properties / Settings / Advanced / name card blyablyablya
How is the clock itself:1. Started to raise with only 10 MHz first just memory clock frequency slider after each removal pressing Test Changes, and then Apply, beware, only Apply, and do not place in daw Apply at Startup. After vyaso Wiggle 10 MHz running a test (say 3D Mark 2003) and if the picture is without problems and defects - continue to pick up. But always with only 10 and was then always tested. Toy, takes time, but if you replace the card we recommend that you follow. At some point you will get the most out of the map, you will see that when you stick a picture (then salvation or esc or cold restart) or start to appear and other things on the screen, so-called artifacts. When you get the most out it in a drawer for example and download the slide that you've picked up so far, ie Memarito of the normal frequency, it can directly click Restore Defaults.2. Repeat the same operation ONLY Core Clock Frequency, though so slowly and quietly with many tests to the maximum recorded on the paper and then return to Defaults.3. He looks at you recorded a piece of maxima and removing them from 15-20 MHz and so you get the maximum stable operating frequency with which you will have no problems.Depending on the brand of card can expect various achievements, everyone sets their maxima for his.4. Now lift both of the slider (and Memari Clock and Clock Koar) and pick them up once the frequencies that you get from point 3 demek stable and not a maximum! Again Test Changes, however Apply, Test again and watch 3D Mark, if you believe that the test presents a stable situation and the picture is still good these frequencies. If not stable, you reduce both plazgachaednovremenno with 10 MHz, again Test Changes - Apply - 3D Mark so, until stable at 3D Mark Test.5. Only after you have established stable frequencies, you can put daw to Apply New Settings at Startup. Then OK, OK and restart.(Continue with the article. Following sites in Chinese, so I skipped them. Jump on.)
To drop the temperature
Cooling is perhaps the most important aspect of overclocking.Overclocking causes the system to run faster, but it produces more heat. If the CPU is not cooling properly, it will not run stable, and there's a great chance to destroy it completely.Radiator and fan that Intel and AMD with its CPU are pretty good. However, for maximum stability, we need to get something better than them. For example, CPU fans are Vantec Tornado, Thermaltake volcano 7 +, CoolerMaster Aero 4, Zalman CNPS7000A-AlCu etc. Ensure that the cooling system you choose will be made specifically for your processor. Improperly mounted radiator, using the wrong model can damage your processor. It is also very important airflow in the case of the computer. If the heat can not get out of the box, the CPU is still at risk. Therefore it needs additional fans than exhaust fan power. Tidying up the cables inside the box can also help. And in addition, cleaning the dust in the box with the help of compressed air directed can improve airflow but never use a vacuum cleaner because it can generate static electricity and damage IC components.More cooling see here (English):http://www.antec-inc.com/pdf/article/info_DIYArticle3.htmlhttp://www.antec-inc.com/pdf/article/info_DIYArticle2.htmlhttp://forum.msi.com.tw/thread.php?threadid=1512&sid =More Fan for CPU, see here (English):http://forum.msi.com.tw/thread.php?threadid=40823&sid =More about water cooling, see here (English):http://forum.msi.com.tw/thread.php?threadid=40273&sid =
Noise Reduction
If your computer is not water cooled, it will be pretty loud. To reduce noise, read here (English):http://www.antec-inc.com/pdf/article/inf..._computing.html
Overclocking
Overclocking is a increasing the FSB in BIOS-and then restart the computer and test for stability. Repeat this process until you find the maximum stable speed. In the event that your motherboard offers 1 MHz-steps to increase FSB (what most boards do), you will have the chance to really get to maximum speed as you approach slowly to the ceiling a little bit of megahertz of megahertz. Of course this will not happen in one hour, and will have to spend one or two days to play around with different speeds and frequencies. Finally you will be able to make your CPU run at the highest possible core speeds.
The most important thing you need to remember is to go Slowly!
Likewise, you can overclock the CPU using software, although this method may not be as effective as overclocking in BIOS-and the bottom. Such software includes:One. ClockGenhttp://www.cpuid.com/2. CPUFSBhttp://mitglied.lycos.de/podien/
Changing the FSB is a simple method and represents the entry into the settings of BIOS-a, switch from automatic to manual (manual) mode and select the FSB-speed you want.Here are some tools to check your computer's settings, especially for processor speed(May not be bad these links can be replaced by similar date but no time for that, let someone else if you wish)One. CPU-Zhttp://www.cpuid.com2. WCPUID (for Linux)http://www.h-oda.com3. AIDA32http://www.aida32.hu/aida32.php4. PC Wizardhttp://www.cpuid.com/5. EVERESThttp://www.lavalys.com/6. Motherboard Monitorhttp://mbm.livewiredev.com/7. HWiNFO and HWiNFO32http://www.hwinfo.com/8. Intel Processor Frequency ID Utility (only for Intel)http://support.intel.com/support/process...ls/frequencyid/9. AMD CPU Information Display Utility (only for AMD)http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/Tech...182_871, 00.htmlFor more can pobrauzite here:http://www.3degs.net/
Note that if the processor is capable of a 20% increase in speed or more, this means that a video card or the memory is also capable of such an increase. And the other thing to remember is that if you overclock on the FSB should lock (ie Lock (Lock)) AGP / PCI bus as close as possible to its standard frequencies (Default Frequencies) (for example, PCI bus at 33 MHz, and for the AGP port is 66 MHz), otherwise will definitely have problems where you at bottom demek video card, integrated sound and IDE channel (IDE channels) can begin submitting incorrect data or other errors.
Test for stability and limiting (benchmark)
The purpose of testing is to heavy workload in every aspect to make sure there are no hidden problems and stable performance. Can perform testing using special test packages, software or games. The purpose of the limit is to measure the performance of your system. When overclocking, (benchmarking) can show you how far the configuration options when you adjust certain parameters.As a test suite can try Winbench, here:http://www.etestinglabs.com/benchmarks/winbench/winbench.aspSpecial software testing and limitation are:One. CPU Burn (for Linux)http://users.bigpond.net.au/cpuburn/2. PCMark 04http://www.futuremark.com/3. Aquamark 3http://www.aquamark3.com/4. SiSoftware Sandra Standard 2004 (there are already 2005)http://www.sisoftware.net/5. Prime95 (for Linux)http://www.mersenne.org/6. Memtest86 (for Linux)http://www.memtest86.com/7. Memtest86 + (for Linux)http://www.memtest.org/8. Super PI (for Linux)http://pw1.netcom.com/ ~ hjsmith / Pi / Super_Pi.html (version for Windows)ftp://pi.super-computing.org/Linux/super_pi.tar.gz (version of Linux)9. ScienceMarkhttp://www.sciencemark.org/
To test the clocked video card can use games like Quake 3 and Unreal Tournament demo and let them scroll. Must then reboot to be able to rotate a game at least two hours without a problem. You can also use 3DMark03 from FUTUREMARK (down from http://www.futuremark.com/).One. Unreal Tournament (and Linux)http://www.unrealtournament.com/2. Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory (for Linux)http://games.activision.com/games/wolfenstein/3. Quake (and Linux)http://www.idsoftware.com/games/quake/
Conclusion
I advise you to read this manual again before overclocking to make sure you did not miss anything. I wish you a successful experience in overclocking, have fun! Here is another guide that can make your system more happy and healthy (well, that HEMA translate it):http://www.antec-inc.com/pdf/article/info_DIYArticle4.htmlIn most of the divisor BIOS FSB: RAM not shown in this kind of 1:1 or 2:3, and is given in percent.-------FSB : RAM---------------------%
-----------2:1-------------------------------50%
-----------5:3-------------------------------60%
-----------3:2-------------------------------66%
-----------4:3-------------------------------75%
-----------5:4-------------------------------80%
----------50:42-----------------------------83%
-----------1:1------------------------------100%
-----------5:6------------------------------120%
-----------4:5------------------------------125%
-----------3:4------------------------------133%
-----------2:3------------------------------150%
-----------3:5------------------------------166%
-----------1:2------------------------------200%
Overclock FAQ
Q: Which AMD processor is clocked best?
A: The best overclocking processors AMD Thoroughbred, particularly in revision.
Q: How better to klokva processor-bus frequency or rate?
A: the clock frequency of the bus is more efficient but involves a number of difficulties. This is an increase of the frequency of the PCI / AGP. Not all PCI devices can operate at high frequency. Clocked by a factor does not as effective.
Q: What is the normal temperature for AMD CPU?
A: The operating temperature is 80 degrees, a reasonable - to 65.
Q: What is this "bridges"?
A: These are "short" on the backing plate of the CPU, which define the parameters of the processor - the frequency FSB, ratio, voltage opportunity to work in multiprocessor configurations, etc. It is useful to know for example if the motherboard does not offer the possibility of changing some of the indicators.
Q: Which motherboards can work with Thoroughbred?
O: All of the KT333 chipset up, and most of KT266A.Vse again check the website of the manufacturer of the board.
Q: Is it true that AMD processors have increased power requirements?
A: Yes, and all powerful processors - regardless of the platform! It is advisable to have a stable power supply from a reputable manufacturer and not some Chinese with increased features.
Q: What should be a good cooler?
A: With a large flow of air (high-speed fan), with a massive heat sink (copper is desirable, thin ribs. Noname Do not buy fans - will save some but is likely to lose a lot more!
Q: How is razblokirva multiplier processor AMD?
O: shorting jumpers are all pairs of group L1.Protsesorite with Thoroughbred core and multiplier below 12.5 are not blocked outset.
In: Motherboards no option to change the Vcore. Can I still change with "bridges"?
A: Yes, you can! See exactly how tailor models http://www.ocinside.de/go_e.html?/html/workshop/pinmod/amd_pinmod.html
Q: Is it true that there are motherboards that have the ability to rate and Promet locked processor?
A: Yes, it is true. Such are some of the bottoms of EPOX example.
Q: Can Athlon XP work in multiprocessor configuration?
A: The last bridge Okasyava group L5.
B: Same as nominal Athlon XP with different color podlozhki.Tova Does their work after overclocking?
A: No.
Q: How External differ from Thoroughbred A Thoroughbred B?
A: Thoroughbred A in the marking has the letter L, a Thoroughbred B - U
Q: Which motherboards are best for overclocking?
A: Albatron, ABIT, EPOX, Soltek, MSI.
Q: Does it make sense from a dual machine?
A: There will be if used for dual-processor applications, games will be no difference in performance.
B: very noisy fan, temperature, however, is in order. Could you reduce the noise?
A: The easiest way is to put in the supply chain fan potentiometer or buy (produce) voltage regulator that can bring down from 12 to 7 volts.
Q: Which thermal paste is best?
A: In modern processors no matter what toothpaste you use.
Q: How are characterized by Palomino Thoroughbred and Barton? All have the same name Athlon XP.
O: Palomino: Bus 266 MHz, cache L1 128KB, L2 256KB.Technology 0.18 um, max frequency 1733Mhz, VCore 1,75 V.Multiplier is blocked.
Thoroughbred: Bus 266 or 333Mhz, L1 128KB, L2 256KB.0.13 um technology, maximum core frequency of 2250Mhz, VCore 1,5 or 1,6 V. Multiplier is not blocked for Thoroughbred core processors by a factor less than 12.5.
Barton: Bus 333 MHz, L1 128KB, L2 512KB. Technology 0.13 um, VCore 1,6 V.
Q: Is it shines myth or reality?
A: This glory Athlon get absolutely undeserved. In practice, the CPU core Intel P4 Willamette gryat with not less than AXP Palomino. This is situatsiyatai with Northwood and Thoroughbred.
Q: Do I need to put VIA 4in1 pack?
O: Yes, and necessarily in the following order:
1) VIA 4-in-1 Pack
2) Driver RAID-controller if you have
3) Driver video
4) sound driver
5) Driver for USB-devices
6) Drivers for other devices.
Common problems with AMD is received or the lack of these drivers or for failure to comply the order of their installation. This applies to platforms such INTEL chipsets.
Q: What chipsets support FSB 333MHz?
O: VIA KT333, KT400, KT400A, NVIDIA nForce2 (it unofficially supports FSB 400MHz)
Q: What box should be selected?
A: With a horizontal supply in order to have enough space for CPU cooling and air circulation. The power supply is desired to be at least 300 watts.
Q: Is it true that there is an incompatibility m / VIA chipset in some devices such as SB Live?
A: Incompatibilities of this kind had chipset KT133 / A and AMD760, (more precisely, with the south bridge VT82C686A / B. But now no such fouls :)
Primer "tips for those wanting to really clocked machines, but are still in diapers
1. Learn what is BIOS and how into it. Not Checkers when entering the bios instead of the familiar Windows Desktop you open a black screen occupied by a blue background with yellow or red letters on it. Walk freely in the bios, came and went several times by him.
Enter BIOS - when the computer starts the first screen that shows the bios of the video card is the second black screen, on which are written the individual devices that the machine recognizes exactly this second screen, you press Delete or Del, some are afraid to miss the moment and pressing this key from the first screen as obezumeli.
WARNING! Exiting the BIOS - while beginners always exiting - go to Exit Without Saving, press Enter and asking, do you go out, say Y and again Enter, the computer will just restart.
(Of course, when the clock will not leave the BIOS so, but when you reach the clock will already know more. After applying changes to the BIOS in order to exit the BIOS overclocking is in the Save & Exit Setup, but until you are sure what you do notexit the bios so.)
2. Examine best configuration from motherboard manual or using a diagnostic program (listed in translated articles) what processor you have, what is the bottom, video, frame, ferrets are in forums, read the links I gave at below, ask (but not without first you poprocheli) and not panic if you accidentally run into someone with a big ego overclocker or not quickly understand the explanations of obscure language you. There are decent guys among overclocking enthusiasts, in fact they are the true overclockers, but do not always have the time and patience to explain everything from A to Z.
3. And some quick hints on how to get us the necessary settings in the bios for those far from the English word do not understand! In different bios settings and names may slightly differ, that's how it is with me:
Go to FSB-it - go into BIOS / Advanced Chipset Features / FSB Frequency
Go to the multiplier of CPU-it - go into BIOS / Advanced Chipset Features / CPU Clock Ratio
Go to the timings of the RAM-A - enter the BIOS / Advanced Chipset Features / System Performance, put it on Expert, they go down to the Memory Timings, and change it to Expert, if you clock Rama timings so you unlock shaded in blue settings for spoken translated in the above article.
Changing the ratio / divider FSB: RAM - enter the BIOS / Advanced Chipdet Feature / Memory Frequency and from there you choose the aspect ratio. In some bios is given in percentages. For example, 100% corresponds to 1:1 FSB: RAM. In my next post I will give them converted from rates ratios for your convenience.
Go to the settings of voltage - enter the BIOS / Power BIOS Features
- CPU Voltage CPU voltage is
- AGP Voltage is the voltage of AGP-it
- DIMM or Memory Voltage is voltage and RAM-
More about the bios has the given below link for beginners, one of podlinkovete:
http://comexgroup.com/motherboards/bios1.htm
Part of the vocabulary of overclocking enthusiasts to navigate when you speak to them:
rail - usually given FSB-it, but not always, because as you have already read in the translated article at the bottom there are many buses.
Cooler = fan = fan = cooler, each machine has at least two occasions, one of / on the CPU, the other is the one that appears when you look behind your computer, this is the fan power.
multiplier - see above how to get the multiplier in bios
timings - applies only to Rama, see above how to get them in bios
Jumpers - is'll not delve here, I'll just say that in order to see them, you have to open a can of Spud, if under warranty, I would advise you to open
If anyone wants to add something more to this kind of ABC book is welcome.
WARNING! Exiting the BIOS - while beginners always exiting - go to Exit Without Saving, press Enter and asking, do you go out, say Y and again Enter, the computer will just restart.
(Of course, when the clock will not leave the BIOS so, but when you reach the clock will already know more. After applying changes to the BIOS in order to exit the BIOS overclocking is in the Save & Exit Setup, but until you are sure what you do notexit the bios so.)
2. Examine best configuration from motherboard manual or using a diagnostic program (listed in translated articles) what processor you have, what is the bottom, video, frame, ferrets are in forums, read the links I gave at below, ask (but not without first you poprocheli) and not panic if you accidentally run into someone with a big ego overclocker or not quickly understand the explanations of obscure language you. There are decent guys among overclocking enthusiasts, in fact they are the true overclockers, but do not always have the time and patience to explain everything from A to Z.
3. And some quick hints on how to get us the necessary settings in the bios for those far from the English word do not understand! In different bios settings and names may slightly differ, that's how it is with me:
Go to FSB-it - go into BIOS / Advanced Chipset Features / FSB Frequency
Go to the multiplier of CPU-it - go into BIOS / Advanced Chipset Features / CPU Clock Ratio
Go to the timings of the RAM-A - enter the BIOS / Advanced Chipset Features / System Performance, put it on Expert, they go down to the Memory Timings, and change it to Expert, if you clock Rama timings so you unlock shaded in blue settings for spoken translated in the above article.
Changing the ratio / divider FSB: RAM - enter the BIOS / Advanced Chipdet Feature / Memory Frequency and from there you choose the aspect ratio. In some bios is given in percentages. For example, 100% corresponds to 1:1 FSB: RAM. In my next post I will give them converted from rates ratios for your convenience.
Go to the settings of voltage - enter the BIOS / Power BIOS Features
- CPU Voltage CPU voltage is
- AGP Voltage is the voltage of AGP-it
- DIMM or Memory Voltage is voltage and RAM-
More about the bios has the given below link for beginners, one of podlinkovete:
http://comexgroup.com/motherboards/bios1.htm
Part of the vocabulary of overclocking enthusiasts to navigate when you speak to them:
rail - usually given FSB-it, but not always, because as you have already read in the translated article at the bottom there are many buses.
Cooler = fan = fan = cooler, each machine has at least two occasions, one of / on the CPU, the other is the one that appears when you look behind your computer, this is the fan power.
multiplier - see above how to get the multiplier in bios
timings - applies only to Rama, see above how to get them in bios
Jumpers - is'll not delve here, I'll just say that in order to see them, you have to open a can of Spud, if under warranty, I would advise you to open
If anyone wants to add something more to this kind of ABC book is welcome.
Remember: No one will come to your klokva machine. The thrill is you yourself get it clocked. But follow the rules of tailors, three measures, cut once, read, and do not rush to do something half-baked, so you do not have to appear with an innocent expression in the service thereafter. Otherwise, the clock is very nice and easy.
Please do not send me PM, I'm not overclocking, I just clocked his PC and I did not bash-savvy, have general knowledge on the clock.
Here's some interesting linkcheta in Bulgarian are uraaaaa!
For beginners VERY IMPORTANT LINK:
http://comexgroup.com/technologies/overclocking.htm
(This link is podlinkove, bottom, at the end of the article from which you will learn so much that will fall right half of your questions, or if you read things several times more likely to start speaking as someone who really understands what and then we will ask questions about your career)
Unlock CPU Palomino:
http://comexgroup.com/cpu/_amd/palomino_unlock.htm
(Personal opinion, if you are not confident in dealing with this jump, adhesives and other things, no one makes you do it, just clocked processor until as you can without making these performances with glue and pins, says a friend who works at PC World - "Teja working with adhesives are freaks, extremists and communists ...")
This link deliberately repeat it:
http://store1.data.bg/pchelp/overclock/overclock_1.htm
Info CPU:
http://comexgroup.com/cpu/_cpu.htm
Especially for Athlone:
http://www.hardware.bg/index.php?a=article&artid=316&cat=1
Info bottoms and bottoms tests (maybe find her among them)
http://comexgroup.com/motherboards/_motherboards.htm
Video monitors - tests:
http://comexgroup.com/videosystem/_video.htm
And here is testing the RAM boards:
http://www.hardware.bg/index.php?a=article&artid=40&cat=3
This is a preview of the top overclocking motherboard for 2003rd:
http://www.hardwarebg.com/reviews/Epox/8rda+/8rda% 2B07.html
http://www.comexgroup.com/motherboards/_amd/epox_8rda.htm
How to check if my configuration is stable after overclocking?
The most commonly used methods to check that the system is stable after overclocking are:
For overclocking the CPU and memory:
Run the Run Prime95 in torture mode (torture mode) (going from Options -> Torture Test) and let it run for a few hours (or more) ...
If you are on a multi-processor configuration or HT-enabled system (I do not know what it is!) Will need to run simultaneously two windows of Prime95 for a full test. Second run Prime95 with command-line parameter-A1.
Do not worry if you get a screen similar to this (but nowhere the author has given a link to screen-capture of what they want to show?) - This does not mean that your hardware is damaged.Probably comes from excessive overclocking. It is also possible your system to crash / stop / restart without ever Prime95 to signal an error.
Another good test is that of SiSoftware Sandra CPU Burn in test. But note that it is not able to detect faults in the way Prime95 it.
Memory:
Run memtest86 and let it run for at least a few hours. It conducts tests the abilities to read, write, copy, and move to different patterns and blocks in memory and experiencing overall coverage of memory, regardless of operating system (OS), hard disk (HDD), PCI mechanisms, etc.
Video card:
Run 3DMark in an infinite loops for several hours. Signs of instability will be artifacts and / or rely on the system. Artifacts can be everything from distorted rectangles and dots of color to chess squares - everything looks different from what you expected to see, is considered an artifact.
An alternative test of the stability of your entire configuration is just start playing your favorite game. It may not be top of the test, but will definitely spend quite funny moments while testing a game machine.
How do I use the program prime 95?
To use Prime 95, despite the latest version or the latest beta version and determine the stability of the system, just download the program and run the Torture Test of the Options.There is a parameter called Priority, in the button Advanced.The default is 1. At Priority 1 will have a test, but nothing will be loaded to the extreme. It's like lifting dumbbells 10 seconds, then rest 90 seconds and again ... So you can put Priority 10. Upon Priority 10, Prime 95 Torture Test will really "poking with Spurs' your settings. While the Torture Test-and Priority of 10 will not be able to do much else with the PC-it. This test consumes so much system resources, even if you want to stop it using the button Test / Stop, it will take a few seconds. MBM, which I love to play while running this test is remarkably slow in program updates, even when set at the most rapid updating, but still manages to update.
"Oh, but to me Priority me button is gray!" you say. To have access to Advanced, you must enter the password. It is the same for all versions. "Oh, ma, I do not know the password".This is because you have not read the readme.txt file that comes with Prime95, ie RTFM. But to help you in laziness, here's the password: 9876. At Advanced / Password, type 9876, and then set the Priority 10. Prime95 will remember your settings, so you do not have to type them every time. Now you're ready to really test your configuration. Click Options and then Torture Test.
One note for those who will use the latest Beta version. When you click on Options / Torture, Wisse will open the dialog box, which will ask you to make one or more elections. Put daw the box which is something like: Use Large, In-place FFTs ... I think it was the middle of three. This will load your system peak. This choice, however, will not be remembered the next time you run Prime95, you will need every time you repeat it, if you want to run Torture test.
And one last tip. Do not run any other type of load test or artificial benchmark test simultaneously with Prime95 Torture Priority 10. Will not get any of this idea, but is much better to leave Prime95 alone to carry so much torment over your settings as it is capable, without to interrupt him.
Handbook RAM settings (ie, timing of RAM-a)
The article about overclocking RAM touching briefly the effects of timing on the performance and stability of the whole system.True nature behind these different timings, however, is hidden more deeply in the recesses of electrical engineering. In essence, each assigned values allows a number of memory cycles, it should be carried out to implement the operation. In modern BIOS-and there are four such settings that allow an adequate level of control.
The first is tRAS, or Row Access Strobe. This is the number of cycles that RAM has to read data from one memory block. The time between the request for a block of data and the actual read operation is called tRCD.
CAS timing is the amount of cycles in the time of which the exact amount of memory that is required by the system of an open memory bank will be provided.
Finally, tRP acts as a kind of "closure" of the process; i.e. It is time that memory will close the open bank and will be ready for a new request.
When it comes to timing is assumed to be arranged so tRAS-tRCD-tRP-CAS. Now I understand what I'm saying when you mentioned that XMS3500 work of 7-3-3-2 at 217MHz. There are people who deviate from the norm, but it is most common that I have ever met.
Each board RAM has a small chip called the SPD (Serial Presence Detect), which stores the set timings as specified by the manufacturer. When the BIOS-and is set to "AUTO" timings, it will read those timings for RAM-a, which are SPD-it.The first step to this, you can take control is to set them manually. To be sure, what is "harmless" timing for your motherboard RAM, look at the page for product specifications (products) on the website of the manufacturer of your RAM. In some might have to look inside PDF files to find these timings.There are some tools that can read timings in Windows environment, but generally they are not as reliable or will not work well at the relevant scheme, as does BIOS-a. Once you find them, go to BIOS and rachnozadayte some timings given you the list of the manufacturer's specifications. As a rule of principle, the smaller number gives a higher representation of your memory. However, if it needs a small amount of cycles for an operation, then it will perform more operations for x. If you do not plan to overclock MHz-s of your RAM, then you can keep her current speed and just losing timing for better performance. Here are some guidelines that you can follow as you test different settings timings:
- CAS is the critical value of all the timings, it influences the performance of a RAM-most patch.
- TRCD and tRP are usually between 2 and 4
- CAS should be from 2, 2.5, or 3
- TRAS should always be the largest number, see next paragraph
Please do not send me PM, I'm not overclocking, I just clocked his PC and I did not bash-savvy, have general knowledge on the clock.
Here's some interesting linkcheta in Bulgarian are uraaaaa!
For beginners VERY IMPORTANT LINK:
http://comexgroup.com/technologies/overclocking.htm
(This link is podlinkove, bottom, at the end of the article from which you will learn so much that will fall right half of your questions, or if you read things several times more likely to start speaking as someone who really understands what and then we will ask questions about your career)
Unlock CPU Palomino:
http://comexgroup.com/cpu/_amd/palomino_unlock.htm
(Personal opinion, if you are not confident in dealing with this jump, adhesives and other things, no one makes you do it, just clocked processor until as you can without making these performances with glue and pins, says a friend who works at PC World - "Teja working with adhesives are freaks, extremists and communists ...")
This link deliberately repeat it:
http://store1.data.bg/pchelp/overclock/overclock_1.htm
Info CPU:
http://comexgroup.com/cpu/_cpu.htm
Especially for Athlone:
http://www.hardware.bg/index.php?a=article&artid=316&cat=1
Info bottoms and bottoms tests (maybe find her among them)
http://comexgroup.com/motherboards/_motherboards.htm
Video monitors - tests:
http://comexgroup.com/videosystem/_video.htm
And here is testing the RAM boards:
http://www.hardware.bg/index.php?a=article&artid=40&cat=3
This is a preview of the top overclocking motherboard for 2003rd:
http://www.hardwarebg.com/reviews/Epox/8rda+/8rda% 2B07.html
http://www.comexgroup.com/motherboards/_amd/epox_8rda.htm
How to check if my configuration is stable after overclocking?
The most commonly used methods to check that the system is stable after overclocking are:
For overclocking the CPU and memory:
Run the Run Prime95 in torture mode (torture mode) (going from Options -> Torture Test) and let it run for a few hours (or more) ...
If you are on a multi-processor configuration or HT-enabled system (I do not know what it is!) Will need to run simultaneously two windows of Prime95 for a full test. Second run Prime95 with command-line parameter-A1.
Do not worry if you get a screen similar to this (but nowhere the author has given a link to screen-capture of what they want to show?) - This does not mean that your hardware is damaged.Probably comes from excessive overclocking. It is also possible your system to crash / stop / restart without ever Prime95 to signal an error.
Another good test is that of SiSoftware Sandra CPU Burn in test. But note that it is not able to detect faults in the way Prime95 it.
Memory:
Run memtest86 and let it run for at least a few hours. It conducts tests the abilities to read, write, copy, and move to different patterns and blocks in memory and experiencing overall coverage of memory, regardless of operating system (OS), hard disk (HDD), PCI mechanisms, etc.
Video card:
Run 3DMark in an infinite loops for several hours. Signs of instability will be artifacts and / or rely on the system. Artifacts can be everything from distorted rectangles and dots of color to chess squares - everything looks different from what you expected to see, is considered an artifact.
An alternative test of the stability of your entire configuration is just start playing your favorite game. It may not be top of the test, but will definitely spend quite funny moments while testing a game machine.
How do I use the program prime 95?
To use Prime 95, despite the latest version or the latest beta version and determine the stability of the system, just download the program and run the Torture Test of the Options.There is a parameter called Priority, in the button Advanced.The default is 1. At Priority 1 will have a test, but nothing will be loaded to the extreme. It's like lifting dumbbells 10 seconds, then rest 90 seconds and again ... So you can put Priority 10. Upon Priority 10, Prime 95 Torture Test will really "poking with Spurs' your settings. While the Torture Test-and Priority of 10 will not be able to do much else with the PC-it. This test consumes so much system resources, even if you want to stop it using the button Test / Stop, it will take a few seconds. MBM, which I love to play while running this test is remarkably slow in program updates, even when set at the most rapid updating, but still manages to update.
"Oh, but to me Priority me button is gray!" you say. To have access to Advanced, you must enter the password. It is the same for all versions. "Oh, ma, I do not know the password".This is because you have not read the readme.txt file that comes with Prime95, ie RTFM. But to help you in laziness, here's the password: 9876. At Advanced / Password, type 9876, and then set the Priority 10. Prime95 will remember your settings, so you do not have to type them every time. Now you're ready to really test your configuration. Click Options and then Torture Test.
One note for those who will use the latest Beta version. When you click on Options / Torture, Wisse will open the dialog box, which will ask you to make one or more elections. Put daw the box which is something like: Use Large, In-place FFTs ... I think it was the middle of three. This will load your system peak. This choice, however, will not be remembered the next time you run Prime95, you will need every time you repeat it, if you want to run Torture test.
And one last tip. Do not run any other type of load test or artificial benchmark test simultaneously with Prime95 Torture Priority 10. Will not get any of this idea, but is much better to leave Prime95 alone to carry so much torment over your settings as it is capable, without to interrupt him.
Handbook RAM settings (ie, timing of RAM-a)
The article about overclocking RAM touching briefly the effects of timing on the performance and stability of the whole system.True nature behind these different timings, however, is hidden more deeply in the recesses of electrical engineering. In essence, each assigned values allows a number of memory cycles, it should be carried out to implement the operation. In modern BIOS-and there are four such settings that allow an adequate level of control.
The first is tRAS, or Row Access Strobe. This is the number of cycles that RAM has to read data from one memory block. The time between the request for a block of data and the actual read operation is called tRCD.
CAS timing is the amount of cycles in the time of which the exact amount of memory that is required by the system of an open memory bank will be provided.
Finally, tRP acts as a kind of "closure" of the process; i.e. It is time that memory will close the open bank and will be ready for a new request.
When it comes to timing is assumed to be arranged so tRAS-tRCD-tRP-CAS. Now I understand what I'm saying when you mentioned that XMS3500 work of 7-3-3-2 at 217MHz. There are people who deviate from the norm, but it is most common that I have ever met.
Each board RAM has a small chip called the SPD (Serial Presence Detect), which stores the set timings as specified by the manufacturer. When the BIOS-and is set to "AUTO" timings, it will read those timings for RAM-a, which are SPD-it.The first step to this, you can take control is to set them manually. To be sure, what is "harmless" timing for your motherboard RAM, look at the page for product specifications (products) on the website of the manufacturer of your RAM. In some might have to look inside PDF files to find these timings.There are some tools that can read timings in Windows environment, but generally they are not as reliable or will not work well at the relevant scheme, as does BIOS-a. Once you find them, go to BIOS and rachnozadayte some timings given you the list of the manufacturer's specifications. As a rule of principle, the smaller number gives a higher representation of your memory. However, if it needs a small amount of cycles for an operation, then it will perform more operations for x. If you do not plan to overclock MHz-s of your RAM, then you can keep her current speed and just losing timing for better performance. Here are some guidelines that you can follow as you test different settings timings:
- CAS is the critical value of all the timings, it influences the performance of a RAM-most patch.
- TRCD and tRP are usually between 2 and 4
- CAS should be from 2, 2.5, or 3
- TRAS should always be the largest number, see next paragraph
FSB--2.4C---2.6C---2.8C---3.0C---1:1---3:2---5:4
200--2400--2600--2800--3000--200--133--160
205--2460--2665--2870--3075--205--137--164
210--2520--2730--2940--3150--210--140--168
215--2580--2795--3010--3225--215--143--172
220--2640--2860--3080--3300--220--147--176
225--2700--2925--3150--3375--225--150--180
230--2760--2990--3220--3450--230--153--184
235--2820--3055--3290--3525--235--157--188
240--2880--3120--3360--3600--240--160--192
245--2940--3185--3430--3675--245--163--196
250--3000--3250--3500--3750--250--167--200
255--3060--3315--3570--3825--255--170--204
260--3120--3380--3640--3900--260--173--208
265--3180--3445--3710--3975--265--177--212
270--3240--3510--3780--4050--270--180--216
275--3300--3575--3850--4125--275--183--220
280--3360--3640--3920--4200--280--187--224
285--3420--3705--3990--4275--285--190--228
290--3480--3770--4060--4350--290--193--232
295--3540--3835--4130--4425--295--197--236
300--3600--3900--4200--4500--300--200--240
305--3660--3965--4270--4575--305--203--244
310--3720--4030--4340--4650--310--207--248
315--3780--4095--4410--4725--315--210--252
320--3840--4160--4480--4800--320--213--256
325--3900--4225--4550--4875--325--217--260
Here is a table that is more oriented configurations with AMD.No filling CPU speeds, because by means of the multiplier, itmay be most diverse. Note that all data are real working MHz,without complying with that as DDR (express wish to the boardin mind). First column - FSB frequency in MHz
First row - ratio / divider FSB: RAM in columns down isreceived RAM frequency in MHz
FSB--2:1-----5:4-----1:1-----4:5-------3:4------2:3-----1:2
100---50------80-----100-----120------133------150-----200
133--66.5---106.4---133----159.6---176.89----199.5---266
140---70-----112----140------168-----186.2-----210-----280
150---75-----120----150------180-----199.5-----225-----300
160---80-----128----160------192-----212.8-----240-----320
166---83----132.8---166----199.2----220.78----249-----332
175--87.5----140----175------210-----232.75---262.5---350
185--92.5----148----185------222-----246.05---277.5---370
195--97.5----156----195------234-----259.35---292.5---390
200--100-----160----200------240------266------300-----400
205-102.5---164-----205------246----272.65---307.5----410
210--105----168-----210------252-----279.3----315------420
215-107.5---172-----215------258----285.95---322.5----430
220--110----176-----220------264-----292.6----330------440
225-112.5---180-----225------270----299.25---337.5----450
230--115----184-----230------276-----305.9----345------460
235-117.5---188-----235------282----312.55---352.5----470
200--2400--2600--2800--3000--200--133--160
205--2460--2665--2870--3075--205--137--164
210--2520--2730--2940--3150--210--140--168
215--2580--2795--3010--3225--215--143--172
220--2640--2860--3080--3300--220--147--176
225--2700--2925--3150--3375--225--150--180
230--2760--2990--3220--3450--230--153--184
235--2820--3055--3290--3525--235--157--188
240--2880--3120--3360--3600--240--160--192
245--2940--3185--3430--3675--245--163--196
250--3000--3250--3500--3750--250--167--200
255--3060--3315--3570--3825--255--170--204
260--3120--3380--3640--3900--260--173--208
265--3180--3445--3710--3975--265--177--212
270--3240--3510--3780--4050--270--180--216
275--3300--3575--3850--4125--275--183--220
280--3360--3640--3920--4200--280--187--224
285--3420--3705--3990--4275--285--190--228
290--3480--3770--4060--4350--290--193--232
295--3540--3835--4130--4425--295--197--236
300--3600--3900--4200--4500--300--200--240
305--3660--3965--4270--4575--305--203--244
310--3720--4030--4340--4650--310--207--248
315--3780--4095--4410--4725--315--210--252
320--3840--4160--4480--4800--320--213--256
325--3900--4225--4550--4875--325--217--260
Here is a table that is more oriented configurations with AMD.No filling CPU speeds, because by means of the multiplier, itmay be most diverse. Note that all data are real working MHz,without complying with that as DDR (express wish to the boardin mind). First column - FSB frequency in MHz
First row - ratio / divider FSB: RAM in columns down isreceived RAM frequency in MHz
FSB--2:1-----5:4-----1:1-----4:5-------3:4------2:3-----1:2
100---50------80-----100-----120------133------150-----200
133--66.5---106.4---133----159.6---176.89----199.5---266
140---70-----112----140------168-----186.2-----210-----280
150---75-----120----150------180-----199.5-----225-----300
160---80-----128----160------192-----212.8-----240-----320
166---83----132.8---166----199.2----220.78----249-----332
175--87.5----140----175------210-----232.75---262.5---350
185--92.5----148----185------222-----246.05---277.5---370
195--97.5----156----195------234-----259.35---292.5---390
200--100-----160----200------240------266------300-----400
205-102.5---164-----205------246----272.65---307.5----410
210--105----168-----210------252-----279.3----315------420
215-107.5---172-----215------258----285.95---322.5----430
220--110----176-----220------264-----292.6----330------440
225-112.5---180-----225------270----299.25---337.5----450
230--115----184-----230------276-----305.9----345------460
235-117.5---188-----235------282----312.55---352.5----470
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